Forgotten Curreny Notes of Pakistan

The Pakistani rupee was put into circulation in Pakistan after the partition of British India in 1947. Initially, Pakistan used Indian coins and notes simply overstamped with "Pakistan". New coins and banknotes were issued in 1948. Like the Indian rupee, it was originally divided into 16 annas (آن), each of 4 pice (پيس) or 12 pie (پاى). The currency was decimalised on 1 January 1961, with the rupee subdivided into 100 pice, renamed (in English) paise (singular paisa) later the same year. However, coins denominated in paise have not been issued since 1994. 

In 1947, provisional issues of banknotes were made, consisting of Government of India and Reserve Bank of India notes for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 100 rupees overprinted with the text "Government of Pakistan" in English and Urdu. Regular government issues commenced in 1948 in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 100 rupees. The government continued to issue 1 rupee notes until the 1980s but other note issuing was taken over by the State Bank in 1953, when 2, 5, 10 and 100 rupees notes were issued. Only a few 2 rupees notes were issued. 50 rupees notes were added in 1957, with 2 rupees notes reintroduced in 1985. In 1986, 500 rupees notes were introduced, followed by 1000 rupees the next year. 2 and 5 rupees notes were replaced by coins in 1998 and 2002. 20 rupee notes were added in 2005, followed by 5000 rupees in 2006.

All banknotes other than the 1 and 2 rupees feature a portrait of Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the obverse along with writing in Urdu. The reverses of the banknotes vary in design and have English text. The only Urdu text found on the reverse is the Urdu translation of the Prophetic Hadith, "Seeking honest livelihood is worship of God." which is حصول رزق حلال عبادت ہے (Hasool-e-Rizq-e-Halal Ibaadat hai).

The banknotes vary in size and colour, with larger denominations being longer than smaller ones. All contain multiple colours. However, each denomination does have one colour which predominates. All banknotes feature a watermark for security purposes. On the larger denomination notes, the watermark is a picture of Jinnah, while on smaller notes, it is a crescent and star. Different types of security threads are also present in each banknote.

(Wikipedia)

Games in Windows 8

Solitaire
Good old Solitaire

Flow
A puzzle game where you have to connect dots of the same color on a grid. The basic 5×5 grid levels get repetitive fairly fast. You can switch larger grids instead which makes the game somewhat more challenging and fun to play.

Cut The Rope

The objective of the game is to maneuver candy into the mouth of Om Nom. The candy is connected to ropes which need to be cut in the right order to collect all the stars in the level and feed Om Nom. The game is best played with a mouse or touch screen, and not with a laptop’s touchpad.

FlipSaw

A flipsaw puzzle game. Can be played with both the mouse or on a touch screen.

Hive Mind

In this puzzle game, you have to fill the letters of the so called hive word into cells on the screen. The hive has seven “flowers” which all need to be filled with the seven letters of the hive word. The game offers clues that help you place the letters correctly on the screen.

Jazz Trump’s Journey

A jump and run, and music adventure mix with nice ideas and great presentation.

Jopii

A set of games including Memo and a painting game. Looks to be suitable for smaller children as well.

Pew Pew

An arcade style game where you control your space ship with a stick on the right side. It is again best placed on touch devices, as it is rather difficulty to control with the mouse or a touchpad.

Pirates Love Daisies

A pirate themed Tower Defense game.

Puzzle Touch

A puzzle game that is best played on touch screens.

Train Titans

A train game. Nowhere near as complex as Sid Meier’s Railroad Tycoon but still a fun game. It comes with a puzzles mode in which you have to connect cities of the same color with each other, and single player mode that you can start playing after completing the first five puzzles that act as an introduction.

Wordament

It is a massively multiplayer word finding game where you compete against everyone else in a quest to become the champion. Best played with a touch screen. It is playable with the mouse as well.

Download Windows8 Free

Available today will be the next phase in the development cycle of Microsoft’s replacement for Windows 7, the Windows 8 Consumer Preview (Windows 8 Beta).  Update:  download links for the Windows 8 Consumer Preview are in our Windows 8 Download Center.

At an event at the Mobile World Congress event in Barcelona, Spain, Microsoft have this afternoon released the Consumer Preview (beta) for Windows 8 to the public.  You can download it from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-GB/windows-8/download

It was interesting to hear what Windows Chief Steven Sinofsky was saying about the new operating system though, as it gives an interesting insight into why Microsoft have done what they have.

He began his keynote by saying. ”We knew of course when we did the developer preview that the UI wasn’t done — lots of it wasn’t done. The goal was to get it out there and get people to understand what we were after.”  This is a tacit reminder that the negative feedback the Developer Preview received wasn’t something he felt was justified (though he did release it publicly!).  He went on to say “But today every element of the OS has been touched and improved as we prepared for the consumer preview of Windows 8.  Since the developer preview in September, we have made over 100,000 changes in Windows 8. We think of it as complete all the way through.”  Needless to say Microsoft now consider Windows 8 to be finished (bug hunt not withstanding).